Electronic Journal
Emerging Infectious Diseases
(translated: EM INFECT D)
Abstract
| Language: | English |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| ISSN: | 10806059 and 10806040 |
| Types: | Electronic Journal |
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2013, Volume 19, Issue 3
Journal article
Issues in the Development of a Research and Education Framework for One Health 10.3201/eid1903.121103
Pages: e121103
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Measles elimination efforts and 2008-2011 outbreak, France 10.3201/eid1903.121360
Although few measles cases were reported in France during 2006 and 2007, suggesting the country might have been close to eliminating the disease, a dramatic outbreak of >20,000 cases occurred during 2008-2011. Adolescents and young adults accounted for more than half of cases; median patient age increased from 12 to 16 years during the outbreak. The highest incidence rate was observed in childr...
Pages: 357-364
Language: English
Journal article
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection after Fractionated CO2 Laser Resurfacing 10.3201/eid1903.120880
Nontuberculous mycobacteria are increasingly associated with cutaneous infections after cosmetic procedures. Fractionated CO2 resurfacing, a widely used technique for photorejuvenation, has been associated with a more favorable side effect profile than alternative procedures. We describe 2 cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection after treatment with a fractionated CO2 laser at a private...
Pages: 365-370
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Human Leptospirosis Trends, the Netherlands, 1925–2008 10.3201/eid1903.111260
To increase knowledge of leptospirosis in the Netherlands and identify changing trends of this disease over time, we analyzed historical passive surveillance reports for an 84-year period (1925–2008). We found that 2,553 mainly severe leptospirosis cases were diagnosed (average annual incidence rate 0.25 cases/100,000 population). The overall case-fatality rate for patients with reported leptos...
Pages: 371-378
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Parallels in amphibian and bat declines from pathogenic fungi 10.3201/eid1093.120707
Pathogenic fungi have substantial effects on global biodiversity, and 2 emerging pathogenic species-the chytridiomycete Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians, and the ascomycete Geomyces destructans, which causes white-nose syndrome in hibernating bats-are implicated in the widespread decline of their vertebrate hosts. We synthesized current knowledge for c...
Pages: 379-385
Language: English
Journal article
Parallels in Amphibian and Bat Declines from Pathogenic Fungi 10.3201/eid1903.120707
Pathogenic fungi have substantial effects on global biodiversity, and 2 emerging pathogenic species—the chytridiomycete Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians, and the ascomycete Geomyces destructans, which causes white-nose syndrome in hibernating bats—are implicated in the widespread decline of their vertebrate hosts. We synthesized current knowledge for c...
Pages: 379-385
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Increasing Pneumocystis pneumonia, England, UK, 2000-2010 10.3201/eid1903.121151
After an increase in the number of reported cases of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in England, we investigated data from 2000-2010 to verify the increase. We analyzed national databases for microbiological and clinical diagnoses of P. jirovecii pneumonia and associated deaths. We found that laboratory-confirmed cases in England had increased an average of 7% per year and that death certifica...
Pages: 386-392
Language: English
Journal article
Clinical and Therapeutic Features of Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 10.3201/eid1903.120735
To identify clinical and therapeutic features of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (PNTM) disease, we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients referred to the Brazilian reference center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, who received a diagnosis of PNTM during 1993–2011 with at least 1 respiratory culture positive for NTM. Associated conditions included bronchiectasis ...
Pages: 393-399
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Clinical and therapeutic features of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, Brazil, 1993-2011 10.3201/eid/1903.120735
To identify clinical and therapeutic features of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (PNTM) disease, we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients referred to the Brazilian reference center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, who received a diagnosis of PNTM during 1993–2011 with at least 1 respiratory culture positive for NTM. Associated conditions included bronchiectasis ...
Pages: 393-399
Language: English
Journal article
Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection, California, USA, 1993–2008 10.3201/eid1903.121521
To understand the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection in California, we cross-matched incident TB cases reported to state surveillance systems during 1993–2008 with cases in the state HIV/AIDS registry. Of 57,527 TB case-patients, 3,904 (7%) had known HIV infection. TB rates for persons with HIV declined from 437 to 126 cases/100,000 persons during 1993–2008; rates were highe...
Pages: 400-406
Language: English
Journal article
Attribution of foodborne illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths to food commodities by using outbreak data, United States, 1998-2008 10.3201/eid1903.111866
Each year, >9 million foodborne illnesses are estimated to be caused by major pathogens acquired in the United States. Preventing these illnesses is challenging because resources are limited and linking individual illnesses to a particular food is rarely possible except during an outbreak. We developed a method of attributing illnesses to food commodities that uses data from outbreaks associate...
Pages: 407-15
Language: English
Journal article
Treatment outcomes for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV co-infection 10.3201/eid1903.120998
High mortality rates have been reported for patients co-infected with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and HIV, but treatment outcomes have not been reported. We report treatment outcomes for adult XDR TB patients in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Initial data were obtained retrospectively, and outcomes were obtained prospectively during 24 months of treatment. A total of...
Pages: 416-24
Language: English
Journal article
Foodborne disease prevention and broiler chickens with reduced Campylobacter infection 10.3201/eid1903.111593
Studies have suggested that flies play a linking role in the epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. in broiler chickens and that fly screens can reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. We examined the year-round and long-term effects of fly screens in 10 broiler chicken houses (99 flocks) in Denmark. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. positive flocks was significantly reduced, from 41.4% during 2...
Pages: 425-430
Language: English
Journal article
Lack of norovirus replication and histo-blood group antigen expression in 3-dimensional intestinal epithelial cells 10.3201/eid1903.121029
Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. An in vitro model for NoV replication remains elusive, making study of the virus difficult. A previous study, which used a 3-dimensional (3-D) intestinal model derived from INT-407 cells reported NoV replication and extensive cytopathic effects (CPE). Using the same 3-D model, but with highly purified Norwalk virus (NV), we at...
Pages: 431-438
Language: English
Journal article
Effects of vaccine program against pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus, United States, 2009-2010 10.3201/eid1903.120394
In April 2009, the United States began a response to the emergence of a pandemic influenza virus strain: A(H1N1)pdm09. Vaccination began in October 2009. By using US surveillance data (April 12, 2009-April 10, 2010) and vaccine coverage estimates (October 3, 2009-April 18, 2010), we estimated that the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus vaccination program prevented 700,000-1,500,000 clinical cases, 4,000-10,00...
Pages: 439-448
Language: English
Journal article
Emergence and Spread of Extensively and Totally Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, South Africa 10.3201//EID1903.120246
Factors driving the increase in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, are not understood. A convenience sample of 309 drug-susceptible and 342 multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB isolates, collected July 2008–July 2009, were characterized by spoligotyping, DNA fingerprinting, insertion site mapping, and targeted DNA sequencing. Analysis of molecular-based data sh...
Pages: 449-455
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Emergence and spread of extensively and totally drug-resistant tuberculosis, South Africa 10.3201/EID1903.120246
Factors driving the increase in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, are not understood. A convenience sample of 309 drug-susceptible and 342 multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB isolates, collected July 2008-July 2009, were characterized by spoligotyping, DNA fingerprinting, insertion site mapping, and targeted DNA sequencing. Analysis of molecular-based data sh...
Pages: 449-455
Language: English
Journal article
Human Betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012–related Viruses in Bats, Ghana and Europe 10.3201/eid1903.121503
We screened fecal specimens of 4,758 bats from Ghana and 272 bats from 4 European countries for betacoronaviruses. Viruses related to the novel human betacoronavirus EMC/2012 were detected in 46 (24.9%) of 185 Nycteris bats and 40 (14.7%) of 272 Pipistrellus bats. Their genetic relatedness indicated EMC/2012 originated from bats.
Pages: 456-459
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Mycobacterial lineages causing pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Ethiopia 10.3201/eid1903.120256
Molecular typing of 964 specimens from patients in Ethiopia with lymph node or pulmonary tuberculosis showed a similar distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains between the 2 disease manifestations and a minimal role for M. bovis. We report a novel phylogenetic lineage of M. tuberculosis strongly associated with the Horn of Africa.
Pages: 460-3
Language: English
Journal article
Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 serogroups and cholera-like diarrhea, Kolkata, India 10.3201/eid1903.121156
We identified 281 Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains from patients with diarrhea in Kolkata, India. Cholera-like diarrhea was the major symptom (66.0%); some patients (20.3%) had severe dehydration. These strains lacked the ctxA gene but many had hlyA, rtxA, and rtxC genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed no genetic link among strains.
Pages: 464-467
Language: English
Journal article
Hepatitis E virus mixed infection in immunocompetent patient 10.3201/eid1903.121510
We detected 2 hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains in an acutely infected immunocompetent patient. Two populations of genotype 3 virus were observed in the hypervariable regions and open reading frames 2 and 3, indicating multiple infection with hepatitis E virus. Persons with mixed infections may provide the opportunity for virus recombination.
Pages: 468-470
Language: English
Journal article
Virulence of Pertactin-NegativeBordetella pertussisIsolates from Infants, France 10.3201/eid1903.121475
Bordetella pertussis isolates that do not express pertactin (PRN) are increasing in regions where acellular pertussis vaccines have been used for >7 years. We analyzed data from France and compared clinical symptoms among infants <6 months old infected by PRN-positive or PRN-negative isolates. No major clinical differences were found between the 2 groups.
Pages: 471-474
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Virulence of Pertactin-Negative Bordetella pertussis Isolates from Infants, France 10.3201/1903.121475
Bordetella pertussis isolates that do not express pertactin (PRN) are increasing in regions where acellular pertussis vaccines have been used for >7 years. We analyzed data from France and compared clinical symptoms among infants <6 months old infected by PRN-positive or PRN-negative isolates. No major clinical differences were found between the 2 groups.
Pages: 471-474
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Unexpected Increase of Alveolar Echincoccosis, Austria, 2011 10.3201/eid1903.120595
Austria is part of the classical area of central Europe to which alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is endemic. Annual incidences in Austria were 2.4 and 2.8 cases/100,000 population during 1991–2000 and 2001–2010, respectively. Hence, the registration of 13 new AE patients in 2011 was unexpected. Increasing fox populations and past AE underreporting might have caused this increase.
Pages: 475-477
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Somalia, 2010–2011 10.3201/eid1903.121287
In a nationwide survey in 2011, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) was found in 5.2% and 40.8% of patients with new and previously treated TB, respectively. These levels of drug resistance are among the highest ever documented in Africa and the Middle East. This finding presents a serious challenge for TB control in Somalia.
Pages: 478-480
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Swine Influenza in Sri Lanka 10.3201/eid1903.120945
To study influenza viruses in pigs in Sri Lanka,we examined samples from pigs at slaughterhouses. Influenza (H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were prevalent during 2004–2005 and 2009–2012, respectively. Genetic and epidemiologic analyses of human and swine influenza viruses indicated 2 events of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus spillover from humans to pigs.
Pages: 481-484
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Tuberculosis outbreak in a primary school, Milan, Italy 10.3201/eid1902.120527
Investigation of an outbreak of tuberculosis (TB) in a primary school in Milan, Italy, found 15 schoolchildren had active TB disease and 173 had latent TB infection. TB was also identified in 2 homeless men near the school. Diagnostic delay, particularly in the index case-patient, contributed to the transmission of infection.
Pages: 485-487
Language: English
Journal article
Lymphogranuloma Venereum in Men Screened for Pharyngeal and Rectal Infection, Germany 10.3201/eid1903.121028
To determine prevalence of lymphogranuloma venereum among men who have sex with men in Germany, we conducted a multicenter study during 2009–2010 and found high rates of rectal and pharyngeal infection in men positive for the causative agent, Chlamydia trachomatis. Many infections were asymptomatic. An adjusted C. trachomatis screening policy is justified in Germany.
Pages: 488-492
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Prioritizing Tuberculosis Clusters by Genotype for Public Health Action, Washington, USA 10.3201/eid1903.121453
Groups of tuberculosis cases with indistinguishable Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes (clusters) might represent recent transmission. We compared geospatial concentration of genotype clusters with independent priority rankings determined by local public health officials; findings were highly correlated. Routine use of geospatial statistics could help health departments identify recent diseas...
Pages: 493-496
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Anisakiasis and Gastroallergic Reactions Associated with Anisakis pegreffii Infection, Italy 10.3201/eid1903.121017
Human cases of gastric anisakiasis caused by the zoonotic parasite Anisakis pegreffii are increasing in Italy. The disease is caused by ingestion of larval nematodes in lightly cooked or raw seafood. Because symptoms are vague and serodiagnosis is difficult, the disease is often misdiagnosed and cases are understimated.
Pages: 496-499
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
HUS surveillance notes--Sarah's story 10.3201/eid1903.AD1903
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare disorder characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, microthrombi, and multiorgan injury. Although infection with Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli is the most frequently identified cause, Streptococcus pneumoniae is increasingly recognized as a cause of HUS, and increasing illness and death have been documented for this rare precipitant (1...
Pages: 500-1
Language: English
Journal article
Bordetella hinzii in Rodents, Southeast Asia 10.3201/eid1903.120987
Bordetella hinzii in Rodents, Southeast AsiaTo the Editor: Bacteria of the genus Bordetella are gram-negative, rod-shaped organisms that cause respiratory tract diseases in humans and animals.In 1995, Bordetella hinzii was isolated from poultry and 2 patients in the United States and France (1).This pathogen colonizes the respiratory tract of poultry and is closely related to B. avium, which is...
Pages: 502-503
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Melioidosis and hairy cell leukemia in 2 travelers returning from Thailand 10.3201/eid1903.121329
à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Pages: 503-5
Language: English
Journal article
Plague Epidemics and Lice, Democratic Republic of the Congo 10.3201/eid1903.121542
<1 case/100,000 population/year, and the disease accounts for ≈2%-3% of all leukemias in adults in the United States (8).Infections are a common complication for patients with this disease (10).These 2 cases of imported melioidosis show that travelers with hematologic malignancies are at risk for such infections (1).Immunocompromised travelers might be first sentinels for ongoing endemic diseas...
Pages: 505-506
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Armillifer armillatus pentastomiasis in African immigrant, Germany 10.3201/eid1903.121508
To the Editor: Pentastomiasis is a parasitic zoonotic disease with an incremental number of reported human infections caused by larval stages (nymphs) of pentastomes (1–3). The vermiform parasites are in their own phylum and are related to branchiuran crustaceans (2). Most human infections with these parasites are caused by Armillifer armillatus (2), a parasite endemic to western and central Af...
Pages: 507-508
Language: English
Journal article
Mycobacterium kyorinenseInfection 10.3201/eid1903.120591
Pages: 508-510
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Mycobacterium kyorinense Infection 10.3201/eid1903.12-0591
To the Editor: Mycobacterium kyorinense is a nonpigmented, slowly growing mycobacterium that was initially isolated in 2007 from a patient with pneumonia in Japan (1,2). The sequences of the 16S rRNA, hsp65, and rpoB genes of M. kyorinense were closely related to, but different from, those of the type strains of M. celatum and M. branderi, the 2 most phylogenetically related species (1). Bioche...
Pages: 508-510
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Recurring influenza B virus infections in seals 10.3201/eid1903.120965
Recurring Influenza B Virus Infections in SealsTo the Editor: Until 1999, influenza B virus was considered to infect humans only.However, more recent data proved that harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) also can be infected (1).Since the identification of seals as a novel host, antibodies against human influenza B viruses have been detected in some additional otari...
Pages: 511-2
Language: English
Journal article
Reemerging Schmallenberg Virus Infections, Germany, 2012 10.3201/eid1903.121324
Pages: 513-514
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Peritoneal tuberculosis in a pregnant woman from Haiti, United States 10.3201/eid1903.121109
2012 probably represent only the socalled tip of the iceberg.Nevertheless, PCR analysis to detect Schmallenberg virus in samples from animals with clinical signs is a valuable method for identifying first cases in areas where Schmallenberg virus infections have not previously been found.
Pages: 514-516
Language: English
Journal article
Microsporidial Keratoconjunctivitis Outbreak among Athletes from Hong Kong Who Visited Singapore, 2012 10.3201/eid1903.121150
To the Editor: An international outbreak of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis related to soil contact in a Singapore sport venue during April was reported to Hong Kong Department of Health, People’s Republic of China, in May 2012. Microsporidia are obligate intracellular, unicellular, eukaryotic, parasitic protists related to fungi (1). Fourteen species of microsporidia have been detected in ...
Pages: 516-517
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Mycobacterium fortuitum Endocarditis Associated with Cardiac Surgery, Serbia 10.3201/eid1903.120763
To the Editor: Mycobacterium fortuitum is a member of the group of rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria. It is a well-known causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections, postsurgical wound infections, and other health care–associated infections (1). Only sporadic cases of endocarditis caused by this bacterium have been reported (2–4). We describe a cardiac surgery–related outbreak ...
Pages: 517-519
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Cryptococcus gattii, Florida, USA, 2011 10.3201/eid1903.121399
contamination by ubiquitous M. fortuitum.We are well aware that the patch was intended for single use only and that application of the same patch in multiple patients is not a practice in industrialized countries.However, it is a practice in some resourcelimited countries.The outbreak of M. fortuitum endocarditis we describe is a clear warning that such practice is associated with high risk and...
Pages: 519-521
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Characterization of Mycobacterium orygis 10.3201/eid1903.121005
Pages: 521-2
Language: English
Journal article
Captain Consumption and the Collector of Souls 10.3201/eid1903.AC1903
W henever I think of writing a biography, I think of … the color red in our living room.My mother said I could not have remembered it because I was only about 6 months old," Alice Neel said of her precocious recollection of red.Yet she was more than 70 years old before her art began to sell.In the meantime, she took a great interest in those around her: "I paint my time using people as evidence...
Pages: 522-523
Language: Undetermined
Journal article
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing type mutation frequency 10.3201/eid1903.121001
To the Editor: A striking finding in the study by de Steenwinkel et al. (1) is the high frequency of mutation to rifampin resistance by 2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strains, which might play a role in the association between the Beijing strains and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Earlier reported frequency of mutation to rifampin resistance by M. tuberculosis has been 10−8 CFU (2,3), ...
Pages: 522
Language: English
Journal article
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing type mutation frequency--author's response 10.3201/eid1903.121849
Pages: 522-3
Language: English
Journal article
Correction: Vol. 18, No. 8 10.3201/eid1903.C11903
Pages: 523-523
Language: Undetermined
Analysis
